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Financial Happenings Blog
Wednesday, September 03 2008

The latest edition of our fortnightly email newsletter was sent to subscribers on the 2nd of September.

Investment markets have provided a glimmer of hope through August but the outlook remains anything but clear.  In this edition we stepped back to look at the reality of how investment markets work, provided a summary of the movements in markets over the past fortnight and looked at realistic medium term return expectations.  A copy of the section on the reality of how markets work follows.

If you would like to be added to the mailing list please click the following link to be taken to the sign up page - The Financial Fortnight That Was Sign Up Page.

The Reality of How Investment Markets Work


We have all experienced or witnessed a torrid time on investment markets in recent times starting back with listed property mid 2007, carrying over into global equity markets and then Australian equity markets.  Emerging Markets have not been spared with some of these markets, China for instance, falling the furthest.  Fortunately, August has seen a slight rebound across the board but the verdict is still well and truly out on whether the worst is over.

 

In such times we think it is really important to sit back and consider the reality of how investment markets work.  To assist with this we have put together a document setting out the five key realities.

 

Reality 1 - Growth Assets Such as Share Investments and Property Investments are Volatile

 

There are two groups of investments used in portfolios.  The first are 'defensive' investment assets which include cash and high quality fixed interest investments such as Australian government bonds.  The second group is generally referred to as 'growth' investment assets such as property and shares (both Australian and international).  The returns from these asset classes are volatile. In the last 30 years:

 

  • Annual Australian Share Returns have ranged between -29% (1982) and 74.3% (1980)
  • Annual Global Share Returns have ranged between -23.5% (2002) and 72.7% (1983)
  • Annual Listed Property Returns (Aust.) between  -36.3% (2008) and 41.3% (1987)

 (Year to 30 June, Vanguard Investments)

 

Reality 2 - Growth Assets Have a Higher Long Term Expected Return

 

Given that a good cash account provides a rate of return of above 7% in the current environment, why would you invest in growth assets at all?  The answer to this is that growth assets have a significantly higher expected return than cash or fixed interest investment. 

 

  • Average Australian Sharemarket Return since 1970 - 11.3% a year
  • Average Global Sharemarket Return since 1970 - 10.7% a year
  • Average Listed Property Return since 1987 - 10.1% a year
  • Average Cash Rate of Return since 1970 - 9.3% a year

                          (Year to 30 June, Vanguard Investments)

 

Reality 3 - Volatility CANNOT be Avoided

 

Wouldn't it be great if we could avoid the down times of investing in shares and property, and only invest in them when they are increasing in value?  Well it would be good, however it does not happen.  As an example, let's look at the biggest crash in recent Australian investment history, the 1987 sharemarket collapse where shares fell in value by more than 30%.  Just prior to the 1987 collapse, more money that ever before was invested in the Australian sharemarket.  The collective wisdom was that this was a better place than ever before to invest money.  The collective wisdom was absolutely wrong, as the sharemarket fall showed.

 

Dalbar, a US financial services firm looks at the actual return investors in the US received from their managed fund investments.  Over the 20 years to the end of 2007 they found that US managed fund investors received a return of just under 4.5%, against a market average return (S & P 500) of 11.8%.  Why did managed fund investors receive such a terrible return?  Because they were trying to pick and choose when to invest and therefore avoid volatility - which seriously damaged their ending investment returns.

 

Reality 4 - Growth Assets CAN Have Negative Periods of 5 Year Returns

 

The collective wisdom in the financial services industry is that if you hold a growth investment for 5 years then you will get a positive investment return.  This is easy to disprove - currently most global share investments are showing negative 7 year returns.

 

Reality 5 - Asset Allocation and Careful Income Planning is your Key Tool in Managing Volatility

 

Using a mix of growth assets in a portfolio, including Australian shares, global shares, listed property trusts, global listed property trusts and emerging market funds, smoothes - but does not eliminate  - the volatility from growth assets.  Setting aside a number of years worth of cash needs in fixed interest and cash investments means that you will not have to sell growth assets in a market downturn.  Cash and fixed interest investments, which do not rise and fall along with the general market, also dampen the volatility of an overall portfolio.  The cash and fixed interest investments are replenished by the growing stream of dividends and distributions from the growth assets - eliminating much of the need to sell growth assets at any time.

Posted by: Scott Keefer AT 10:47 pm   |  Permalink   |  Email
Wednesday, September 03 2008

Back on the 26th of July Scott Francis joined Warren Boland on his "Weekends with Warren" segment on ABC radio.  We have eventually caught up and posted Scott's notes from this segment on our website.

In the segment, Scott looked at the topic investing for income.  He commented that "In really volatile times like these, investors often don't think about the income that their investments are paying to them.  Whether it be property, shares, cash of fixed interest, they often focus too much on the price of the investments.  However income can be a great investment benefit, and is actually more important in some ways to investors."

Scott went on to look at the strategy of focusing on income when planning a portfolio.  Click on the following link to be taken to a summary of the segment - Investing for Income - ABC radio segment.

Posted by: AT 10:39 pm   |  Permalink   |  Email
Tuesday, September 02 2008

Our page on The Reality of How Investment Marks Work has been updated to reflect more current data up to the end of June 2008. 

This page provides a concise summary of some points that investors should be considering particularly in the difficult investment market conditions we are experiencing at present.  It is well worth a read.

Regards,
Scott Keefer

Posted by: Scott Keefer AT 07:51 pm   |  Permalink   |  Email
Monday, September 01 2008

Each quarter, Westpac in conjunction with The Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia Limited (ASFA) publish an analysis of household budget requirements for retirees according to whether they are single of part of a couple  and in terms of the lifestyle they hope to keep - Modest or Comfortable.

 

The latest figures released on the14th of August and relating to the March quarter 2008 - FOOD, PETROL DRIVE UP RETIREMENT COSTS - provides interesting reading for those planning for, approaching or in retirement.  I find the information especially useful for those struggling to know how much disposable income they will actually need in retirement.  The data suggests that rising food and petrol prices are placing an added burden on retirees.

 

The report suggests that a couple living in retirement needed to spend $49,502 a year to maintain a comfortable lifestyle while a couple with a more modest lifestyle needed $26,851.

 

Using our 5% sustainable draw down rate, a couple should aim to have $990,000 of financial assets (in today's dollars) to maintain a comfortable lifestyle in retirement or $537,000 to maintain a modest lifestyle.

 

Check out Scott Francis' Eureka Report article - Tap your super, but how much? for a more detailed discussion of sustainable draw down rates in retirement.

 

Regards,

Scott Keefer

Posted by: Scott Keefer AT 10:54 am   |  Permalink   |  Email
Sunday, August 31 2008

The more I read from Shane Oliver, the more I become impressed with his balanced assessment of the current economic and investment conditions.  Over the weekend I read an article of his published in the Australasian Investment Review, a freely available online publication - Super Returns: Don't Be Greedy.

 

In the article Mr Oliver provides an analysis of the medium term return potential in investment markets.  He begins by commenting that recent returns from 2003 to 2007 were well above sustainable levels.  This is an opinion that we also subscribe to.   He goes on to look at indicative return expectations for the medium term using some simple models.

 

From these models he provides the following projected returns:

 

 

Dividend Yield

Growth

Return

US Equities

2.4

5.2

7.6

UK Equities

4.6

4.2

8.8

European Equities

4.3

4.0

8.3

Japanese Equities

1.9

3.0

4.9

Asia ex Japan

3.5

8.0

11.5

World Equities

3.0

4.9

7.9

Australian Equities

4.6

5.7

10.3

Unlisted Commercial Property

6.3

2.5

8.8

Aust REITS

7.6

2.5

10.1

Global REITS

6.4

3.3

9.7

Aust Bonds

5.7

0

5.7

Aust cash

5.5

0

5.5

Diversified Growth Mix

30% defensive, 70% growth

 

 

8.5

 

Oliver confesses that there are some drawbacks with the models particularly in terms of dividend yields but overall he is comfortable with the results.

 

Based on his data, investors with a reasonably balanced portfolio would be looking at 5.5% real returns (after the impact of inflation) over the medium term.

 

This figure is very consistent with the figure we use for projections for our clients regarding likely investment returns.  (We also consider a draw down rate of 5% in real terms as sustainable in retirement.)

 

The key message for me from Shane Oliver's analysis is that we all need to be realistic about the returns we should expect from our investment portfolios.  We would all love these returns to be higher, and maybe we will see a strong bounce back over the next few years.  However we need to be prepared that throughout history growth asset investment markets have tended to provide returns of 5 to 6% above inflation.  If you plan using these expectations and develop your portfolio so as to avoid the erosion of returns through high fees and heavy trading strategies you are much less likely to end up disappointed with your investment experience.

 

Take a look at our Building Portfolios page for more information on our approach to building investment portfolios.

 

Regards,

Scott Keefer

Posted by: AT 10:55 pm   |  Permalink   |  Email
Sunday, August 31 2008

In his latest article written for Alan Kohler's Eureka Report, Scott looks at Centrebet's introduction of betting on interest rate outcomes and parallels this with investors using derivatives markets.

Click on the following link to read Scott's analysis - Rate cut the short-priced favourite.

Posted by: AT 03:52 am   |  Permalink   |  Email
Thursday, August 28 2008

The latest edition of our fortnightly email newsletter was sent to subscribers on the 19th of August.  The latest edition was a bumper issue highlighting some new updates on our website and a response to feedback received via our Feedback Forum.

The edition also ooked at emerging markets, provided a summary of the movements in markets over the past fortnight and looked at how the ANZ Staff Superannuation fund goes about investing.  A copy of the section on emerging markets follows.  If you would like to be added to the mailing list please click the following link to be taken to the sign up page - The Financial Fortnight That Was Sign Up Page.

Financial Topic Demystified - Emerging Markets

Australian investors tend to have a very strong home bias towards Australian equities.  We often see prospective clients seek advice and they have predominantly Australian investments.  Over the past few years this has been a successful approach with the Australian market performing well compared to major overseas markets.  However there has been one particular area of international markets that has had strong recent performance, namely Emerging Markets.  So what do we mean by emerging markets?

 

The term is used to describe business and investment activity in industrialising or emerging regions of the world.  From an economics perspective, these economies are said to be in a transitional phase between developing and developed status.  They are countries that have begun to open up their economies to the world.  The classification of emerging markets is not an exact science and as such there is not a definitive list of countries included in this definition.  However, to put some names to these economies, the top 4 markets in this space are generally referred to as the BRIC economies - Brazil, Russia, India and China.  If you have had any exposure to the international financial media you would quickly identify that these are some of the fastest growing economies in the world - 2007 growth results reported by the International Monetary Fund saw all four with strong performances - Brazil (5.4%), Russia (8.1%), India (9.2%), China (11.4%).

 

Growth in the domestic economy is nice but what share market investors are looking for is growth in the value of shares within these economies.  The MSCI - Emerging Markets Index, is the index which is widely used as a benchmark for returns.  The past 12 months have seen a decline of 21.48% for the year to date or 6.91% for the year to the 15th August 2008.  However, even with this particularly poor year included, 3 year returns to the 31st July have been 16.2% and 5 year returns 19.7%.  In comparison the MSCI World Index ex Australia has seen returns of 1.8% over 3 years and 6.3% over 5 years while the ASX200 has seen returns of 8.7% over 3 years and 14.44% over 5 years.  This places the Emerging Market returns as favourable over these periods of time.

 

However, as with all major investment markets, to capture higher returns there is a trade-off between risk and return.  The greater the risk, the greater the expected return.  Emerging Markets are no different and have experienced significant downturns.  Consider the Asian and South American monetary crisis in the late 90s.  These economies also have some regulatory issues that need to be considered before investing, for instance the strict monetary and political controls in China and regulatory issues in Russia.

 

So what is our stance on investing in Emerging Markets?

 

We invest in Emerging Markets to provide an extra risk - extra return premium for our investors.  Investing in Emerging Markets also provides an extra level of diversification to smooth out volatility.  We invest in these markets by using an index style approach.  Not picking winners (or losers) but holding a wide spread of investments across emerging markets.  This keeps the cost of investing low and provides Our preferred fund, Dimensional Emerging Markets Trust, holds shares in companies listed in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey.  (You will note that it does not hold assets in Russia mainly due to the regulatory controls in place in Russia.)  In a standard portfolio, an investor would have an exposure of about 5.5% of their growth assets in emerging markets.

 

Scott Francis has recently written an article for the Eureka Report, published yesterday, which looks at the topic of Emerging Markets in the context of using an exchange traded fund - Emerging markets via the ASX

 

To find out more about our investment philosophy please have a look at our web page on Building Portfolios.

Posted by: Scott Keefer AT 03:10 am   |  Permalink   |  Email
Thursday, August 28 2008

In his latest article written for Alan Kohler's Eureka Report, Scott looks at whether it is really worth borrowing to invest in share markets.

Scott concludes that "Borrowing to invest remains a legitimate way of increasing the expected return of a portfolio, offering investors tax benefits, but these higher returns come at the cost of significantly increased portfolio volatility. Investors should be aware of this cost, the bias the financial services industry has toward borrowing to invest and the power of the simpler strategy of investing regularly over time in growth assets while building a passive income stream. They should consider all this before deciding whether the risk of borrowing to invest suits their situation. "

Click on the following link to read Scott's analysis - Is share gearing worth it?.

Posted by: AT 02:48 am   |  Permalink   |  Email
Sunday, August 24 2008

Now that the Beijing Olympics is done and dusted we wanted to put an economic spin on the results.

 

You may have become aware of the Sunrise program's (Channel Seven) Adjusted Medal Tally comparing Australia's results to the USA based on a per capita basis.  The results were very flattering to Australia.

 

We took this approach a step further and analysed the results of all the countries who won medals at the Olympics comparing the number of medals with the country's GDP from 2007 measured in US dollars.  The GDP data was taken from the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook database - www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/index.aspx

 

The top 10 countries on this basis were:

 

 

 

Billions of GDP per medal

1

Zimbabwe

0.16025

2

Mongolia

0.97625

3

Jamaica

1.018727

4

Armenia

1.329

5

Georgia

1.7155

6

Tajikistan

1.856

7

Kyrgyz Republic

1.874

8

Kenya

2.092786

9

Belarus

2.356474

10

Togo

2.497

 

Other notable ranks were:

 

 

 

Billions of GDP per medal

30

New Zealand

14.23789

31

Russia

17.91086

35

Australia

19.75709

41

China

32.50827

52

United Kingdom

58.99085

55

France

64.00638

63

Germany

81.02798

73

United States

125.853

79

Japan

175.3505

85

India

366.315

 

If we only were to look at gold medal winners the top ten were:

 

 

 

Billions of GDP per gold medal

1

Zimbabwe

0.641

2

Jamaica

1.867667

3

Mongolia

1.9525

4

Georgia

3.431

5

Ethiopia

4.85775

6

Kenya

5.8598

7

Belarus

11.19325

8

Bahrain

19.66

9

Panama

19.74

10

Ukraine

20.06914

 

and

 

 

 

Billions of GDP per gold medal

21

New Zealand

42.71367

25

Russia

56.06878

27

China

63.74171

28

Australia

64.91614

35

United Kingdom

145.9247

37

Germany

207.6342

44

France

365.7507

45

United States

384.5507

51

Japan

487.0847

53

India

1098.945

 

This just puts another perspective on the Olympic results.  I wouldn't be advising using the tables as a source of picking the best performing share markets for the next year.  Zimbabwe is not somewhere I would be throwing cash at the moment.  It might just be worth keeping an eye out though, as going on the record of forecasters this table could be as useful as some of the more classical methods of forecasting.

 

One definite use of the data is that it will hopefully quieten down a few of our friendly poms who, according to my sister living in London, are pretty happy with themselves given the success of the UK in the Olympics. (I think unbearable was her term!!)

 

Not so good when conversing with our friends from across the ditch in New Zealand who yet again seem to have been able to fight above their weight!!

 

I hope those who are interested in the Olympics have enjoyed the past two weeks and let's hope the euphoria is contagious for our share markets!

 

Good luck to our Paralympians!!

 

Regards,

Scott Keefer

Posted by: Scott Keefer AT 08:18 am   |  Permalink   |  Email
Monday, August 18 2008

In his latest article written for Alan Kohler's Eureka Report, Scott looks at investing in emerging markets with particular analysis of the iShares Emerging Markets Exchange Traded Fund (ETF).

Scott concludes that the case for some emerging markets exposure in portfolios is relatively strong as it adds additional diversification and a potential long-run outperformer.  The iShares Emerging Markets ETF would seem to offer a simple, reliable and comparatively cost-effective way to get that exposure but there are other alternatives such as access through more traditional index funds.

Click on the following link to read Scott's analysis - Emerging markets via the ASX.

Posted by: AT 08:12 pm   |  Permalink   |  Email

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